Cylinder head



Feb. 17, 1931. w. H. RADFORD 1,792,857

' CYLINDER HEAD Filed April 7. 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 F Il i .4 TTORNEYS.

Feb. 17, 1931. w. H. RADFORD 3 CYLINDER HEAD Filed A ril 7, 1930 V 2 sheets-sheet 2 v ATTO -Patented Feb. 17,1931

UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM H. RADFORD, OF SAN LEANDRO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOIR. TO CATmPILLAIlR. TRACTOR 00., OF SAN LEANDRO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA CYLINDER HEAD Application filed April 7, 1930. Serial No. 442,159.

press detonation but atthe same time its effect is largely due, I believe, to the relatively rapid heat transference to the cylinder walls by virtue of the rapid, turbulent movement of the compressed mixture. 7 This heat transference is deleterious when regarded from the aspect of thermal efficiency of the engine. It is therefore an object of my invention to provide a cylinder head by the use of which detonation is materially suppressed but in which the heat loss through the walls is not great.

Another object of 'my invention is to provide a cylinder head particularly for use with a valve-in-head engine in which the valves are readily accessible and removable.

Another object of my invention is to provide a combustion chamber of compact form in which the valves when open are not shrouded by the walls of the combustion chamber thereby affording a free passageway for the gases.

The foregoing and other objects are attained in the. embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, in which,

Fig. 1 is a cross section on a vertical plane through the cylinder head of my invention, the plane of cross section in the cylinder head being coaxial with one of the valves and in the cylinder block being coaxial with the cylinder.

Fig. 2-is, on the left half, a cross section on the line 3.3 of Fig. 1, and is on the right half a cross section on the line 2-2 of Fi 1.

Fig. 3, on the left half, is a cross section on the line 44. of Fig. 1 and, on the right half, is a cross section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

In its preferred form, the cylinder head of my invention comprises a body adapted to be secured with a planar face in abutment with a cylinder block and provided with a. pair of, valves arranged side by side in the body.

Within thebody is a chamber, generally cardioid in cross sectional contour, communicating with the cylinder through a passage also of cardioid contour and of restricted area but which is of just suflicient extent to permit the passage of the valves therethrough.

Although the cylinder head of my invention is applicable in a wide variety of circumstances and to engines of various different kinds and characters, I have shown it herein as it is typically'applied to a valve-in-head four-stroke cycle engine. This ,engine includes a cylinder block 6 within which a' cylinder 7 is provided. Operating in the circular cylinder is a piston 8 of the usual kind connected by' a pitman 9 to the crankshaft, not shown. Surrounding the cylinder 7 is a water jacket 11 encompassed by the outer walls 12 of the cylinder block. The upper portion of the cylinder block is planar as indicated at 13 and is separated by a gasket 14 from the cylinder head 16.

The cylinder head is preferably an integrally cast body provided with a planar face 17 parallel to and substantially abutting the face 13 of the cylinder and having therein a wall 18 substantially parallel to the planar face 17. Seated in suitable ports in the wall 18 is a pair of poppet valves 21 and 22 which control gas flow through an intake duct 23 and an exhaust duct 24. For actuating each of the valves 21 and 22, which are preferably guided in the block by guides 26, I provide a rocker 27 carrying aroller "28 abutting the valve stem and actuated by a push rod 29 driven from a cam shaft, not shown. Return movement of the valve is effected by a coil spring 31 interposed between the cylinder .head and a washer 32 secured to the valve chambei' 33 which is partially boundedby wall 18 and is also partially bounded by a circumferential wall 34 integrally formed with the remainder of the cylinder head and being substantiallycardioid or heart shaped in cross sectional contour, as particularly shown in Fig. 2. Preferably the combustion chamber is of such extent that it substantially aligns with the cylinder bore 7 at one side While at the other side it is materially larger than the periphery of the valves 21 and 22.'

Thus,.when the valves are 0 ened there is a large amount of clearance etween the periphery of the valve head and the combustion chamber wall so that gas flow around the valve is entirely unhampered and there is no shrouding or masking effect.

In accordance with my invention,'I preferably afi'ord communication between the combustion chamber 33 and the cylinder 7 through a passage 36 which is somewhat restricted. This passage is cardioid in transerably I providea Water inlet port 38 which tion particularl detonation by VlIlJUO of its peculiar contour ber walls in proportion to the volume of gas is contained thereinis relatively low. Furtherleads directly into a water jacket 39 in immediate juxtaposition with the combustion chamber 33- and which approximately sur rounds the combustion chamber. Substantially at the closest approach of the ducts 23 and 24 to each other I provide an approximately horizontal baffle 41 which extends approximately to the valve bosses 42, thus partially separating the acket 39 from an upper jacket 43 which gives onto an outlet 44 for the cooling water. Cooling water inthe cylin der head flows through the inlet 38 into the jacket 39 from which it isdirected around" the combustion chamber and around the 'valves thence past and above the bafile 41 into the outlet 44.

y small wall area for its cubic content, so that Not only is the cylinder head of invensuccessful in suppressing and arrangement but it is also evenly heated by combustion obtaining therein since the c oling water is well distributed about it. The

' tageous path.

for the ing water is directed througha most advan It is to be understood that I-do not limit myself to the form of the cylinder head shown and described herein, as the invention, as set forth in the following claims maybe embodied ina plurality of forms.- I

"Iclaim: *1. A cylinder head for an engine having a cylinder block with a cylinder therein comprising a body having a planar face for abutlting' said block, a wall' forming part of said body and parallel to saidface, and a pair of circular valves arrange side'by side in said wvall, said body having a chamber therein communicating with said cylinder, saidchamber in cross section parallel to said face being cardioid in contour, on one side substantially coinciding with said cylinder and on the other side affording just sufiicient clearance passage of said valves through said chamber. I j

2. A cylinder head comprisin a body; havinga planar face, and a wall arming part of. said body andwparallel' to said face, said body having. a chamber therein partially encompassed by said wall and partially encompassed by a wall which in cross-section parallel to said face is,cardioid in contour. 3. A cylinder head comprising a body having a planar face, said body having a chamber therein opening onto said fate through a passagecardioid in contour, and a pair of valves arranged si e by side in said chamber and adapted to p ss through said passage with just sufiicient clearance, said chamber being enlarged between said passage andsaid valves. J 4. A cylinder head comprising a body having a'planar face, a wall forming art of 'said body and parallel to said face, sai bodyhaving a chamber therein partiall bounded by said Wall and opening'onto said f a passage cardioid incontour, and a pair of valves arranged side by. side in said wall and adapted to pass-through said passage with justlsufiicient clearance; said chamber being ace through i enlargedbetween said passage andsaid'wall.

In testimony result of this construction is that a high de- 'gree, of turbulence is possible in a compact combustion chamber which has a-relatively the heat loss through the combustion cham- =more, the cylinder head is easily constructed lea 

